Plants and microorganisms have established the power to devour and accumulate inorganic metal ions from their neighbouring place. Nanoparticle synthesis using microorganisms and plants by green synthesis technology is biologically safe, cost-effective, and environment-friendly. Greener synthesis of nanoparticles represents an advance over other methods because it is simple, cost-effective, and relatively reproducible, and often results in more stable materials.
There are several reports are available in the literature for the synthesis of monometallic (Au, Ag, Zn, Fe etc.) nanoparticles from various plant extracts. citrifolia leaves extract through the hydrothermal method. Spherical titanium dioxide nanoparticles using M. Plant extracts are used for the synthesis of various nanoparticles was zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using an aqueous extract of Deverra tortuosa. In addition, bioactive components present in the plants such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, proteins, and glycosides could also be participated in bioredox process, formation and stabilization of the metal nanoparticles. Multiple shape nanoparticles can be produced via plant extraction and size is uniform compared to the produced by other organisms or biomolecules. Various reports suggest that plant extractions seem to be an excellent catalyst and are useful for large-scale biosynthesis of nanoparticles where the rate of synthesis is faster than that in the case of other organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. A concrete green approach through environmentally benign routes, which initiate the biological components like Fungi, viruses, bacteria, yeast, and actinomycetes have been explored for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Hence, there is a need to focus on developing greener synthetic methods which prevent agglomeration and promote chemical stability. These methods are expensive and dangerous to the environment. Many popular synthetic methods used for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles are co-precipitation, sol–gel, microemulsion, hydrothermal, thermal decomposition and rapid injection methods.
Magnetic nanoparticles have a number of novel properties due to their extremely small size that largely differs from their bulk counterparts. Magnetic nanomaterial’s show promising applications in various areas such as chemical sensors, catalysis, information storage devices, biochemistry, ,, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery. These results make the flexible films are promising for advanced magnetics memory devices and magnetic induced actuators fabrication. Particularly Fe-Cu magnetic NPs and their film displayed 90.82, 55.79 emu/g Ms and 33.34, 11.68 emu/g Mr values at 300 K respectively. The magnetic investigations showed that the obtained nanoparticles and their thin films are ferromagnetic with a significant remanent magnetization. Optical characterization of the FeM nanoparticles showed a broad plasmon absorption band around 1100–1600 nm, and their corresponding thin-film absorption band shifted negligibly. These synthesized nanoparticles are combined with PDMS polymer to form flexible thin films to fabricate magnetic actuators. The FeM(Co/Ni/Cu/Zn) bimetallic magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized through greener Mimosa Pudica leaf extract. Actuators find very broad applications in microfabrication, microelectronics, medicine, and lab-on-a-chip systems. The magnetic thin films have received greater attention for their variety of specialized applications, particularly in the medical field. A novel PDMS-bimetallic magnetic nanoparticle thin films based magnetic actuators have been fabricated using an eco-friendly cost-effective facile method.
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